Cucurbit leaf crumple virus, which decimated snap beans and squash last fall, has been verified from squash in south georgia the week of aug. University of californias official guidelines for pest monitoring techniques, pesticides, and nonpesticide alternatives for managing pests in agriculture, floriculture. Plant disease may 2008 781 biology and molecular characterization of cucurbit leaf crumple virus, an emergent cucurbitinfecting begomovirus in the imperial valley of california. Brown spots, angular in shape restricted by small veins, often with yellow haloes. Biology and molecular characterization of cucurbit leaf. As the disease progresses, the yellowing of the leaves will spread to the leaf margin. Today, i noticed in a couple of fields that leaves of squash and zucchini plants look distorted.
A loopmediated isothermal amplification lamp assay was developed for simple, rapid and efficient detection of cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv, one of the most important begomoviruses that infects cucurbits worldwide. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv usually starts in small patches in the field with new leaves showing yellowing. Severe symptoms of cucurbit leaf crumple virus on snapbeans. The dominant viruses identified in this study were tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv and cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv, which are both whiteflytransmitted begomoviruses that have been introduced to florida since the arrival of the silverleaf whitefly in the late 1980s. Begomoviruscucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv vector. Field surveys indicated that culcrv has become established in the imperial valley. The affected plants are severely stunted and bear very small chlorotic and mildly curled leaves. This virus is capable of infecting all commercial cucurbit crops. A strong recovery response occurs in cantaloupe cucumis melo and watermelon citrullus lanatus infected with the bipartite begomovirus cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv. In contrast, infection of culcrvrecovered leaves with the rna virus, cucumber mosaic virus cmv, disrupted recovery, resulting in the. Bottle gourd lagenaria siceraria an important vegetable crop in india was observed to be affected by a chlorotic curly stunt disease ccsd during 20032006 in the vegetable growing areas of delhi and adjoining state of haryana. Early planted field tend to have less damage than those that are planted later. As with the whiteflies, this first occurrence is earlier than the disease was detected last year. We do not use these to store personal information about you.
It also vectors over 111 different plant viruses such as the squash vein yellowing virus that can kill watermelon plants and results in necrotic areas on the fruit, the cucurbit leaf crumple virus that is mainly destructive for squash, but also affects other cucurbits, and the tomato yellow leaf curl virus that affects tomatoes. The leaves may develop unusual twisting combined with thickening, crumpling and yellowing as seen in this leaf in a field with very high infection of cucurbit leaf crumple virus. Detection of three whiteflytransmitted viruses infecting. Virus diseases of cucurbits in australia hort innovation. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus ccyv is a recently reported bipartite crinivirus that causes chlorotic leaf spots and yellowing symptoms on the leaves of cucurbit plants. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus threatens watermelons, other. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv has been found in. Recombination analysis of the cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv. This online problem solver was created with funds provided by the integrated pest management program of the texas agrilife extension service. General information about cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcuv this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience.
In early stages of infection, the yellowing appears between the infected leafs veins. The virus is transmitted from plant to plant by whiteflies. The already extensive list of more than 200 cucurbit diseases has expanded recently to include cucurbit yellow vine disease, acremonium collapse, rhizopycnis root rot, bacterial blight, cucumber root mat, cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus, cucurbit leaf crumple virus, and cucurbit leaf curl virus. Yearround ipm program for cucurbits 911 seedlings cotyledons to 4 leaves vegetative growth. Virus diseases of cucurbit crops brenda coutts, plant virology, department of agriculture, western australia farmnote.
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus zymv is a recently described virus disease of cucurbits, first identified in europe in 1981. Wherever your cucurbits are grown, the compendium of cucurbit diseases and pests, second edition provides the latest pest management and diagnostic information to suppress diseases. One example is tobacco streak virus tsv, a member in the genus illavirus. The 493nt sequences amplified with pbl1v2040pcrc154 were identical. Culcrv is able to infect most cucurbits, including. The various biotypes of whitefly bemisia tabaci genn. Recovery from cucurbit leaf crumple virus family geminiviridae, genus begomovirus infection is an adaptive antiviral response. A third cucurbit virus, cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv also known as. Compendium of cucurbit diseases and pests, second edition. These are symptoms of a whitefly transmitted virus known as cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv. Cucumber mosaic virus cmv, zucchini yellow mosaic virus zymv, watermelon mosaic virus wmv and. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus ccyv genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae is an emerging plant virus, and is now spreading and causing severe economic losses to cucurbit crops in many. Squash viruses can be very difficult to identify based solely on host plantsymptom expression because many of the symptoms caused by the different viruses are very similar. Fruit symptoms of zymv on jarrahdale pumpkin knobbly and distorted figure 3.
Of course a diagnosis from a trained pathologist in the lab is ideal, but we understand it is not. Direct evidence for the semipersistent transmission of. In october of 2006, yellow straightneck and zucchini squash plants cucurbita pepo l. In the 20 years since aps press published the first edition of compendium of cucurbit diseases, worldwide production of watermelon, cucumber, melon, and squash has roughly doubled. Leaves of yellow straightneck squash and zucchini were thickened, distorted, curled, and crumpled. The yellowing pattern is unique and in early stages of infection appears between the veins. Experimental and natural host range studies indicated that culcv has a relatively broad host range within the family cucurbitaceae and.
In january 2008, adkins and turechek released a report that revealed that the cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv has been detected in. This response is characterized by initially severe symptoms, which gradually become attenuated almost symptomless. Watermelon mosaic virus causes mosaic symptoms on leaves but rarely fruit distortion. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv is a singlestranded dna virus belonging to the begomovirus genus within the geminiviridae family. Laboratory of chemical life science kyoto university bioinfomatics center institute for chemical research. As you can see in the pictures below, the leaves look curled and crumpled. The entire leaf turns yellow in severely affected leaves with prominent appliance of green colored veins. Cucurbit crops are affected by an evergrowing number of viral diseases. Detection of cucurbit leaf crumple virus in florida cucurbits. Virus diseases of cucurbits university of illinois at. These include cucumber mosaic virus, papaya ringspot virus, watermelon mosaic virus, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus. The virushost interaction of ccyv remains to be elucidated, and the influence of criniviruses on the host gene transcriptome requires analysis. Protection of young plants in open fields is provided by row covers, but other.
Unusual outbreaks of sweetpotato whiteflies in the. Inheritance of the resistance to squash leaf curl virus in cucurbita pepo l. A set of six specific primers targeting a total 240 nt sequence regions in the dna a of culcrv were designed and synthesized for detection of. A new bipartite geminivirus begomovirus causing leaf curl and crumpling in cucurbits in the imperial valley of california. In addition to these, we frequently find other potyviruses that react with our general potyvirus test but not with any specific antisera.
Cucurbits are especially vulnerable to viruses in the potyvirus family. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus is a begomovirus that was first reported in. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv was first recognized in 1998 in the imperial valley of california. Whiteflytransmitted cucurbit leaf crumple virus in florida. Recovery from cucurbit leaf crumple virus family geminiviridae, genus begomovirus infection is an adaptive antiviral response associated with changes in viral small rnas.
This document is eny477, one of a series of the department of entomology and nematology, ufifas extension. Virus diseases of cucurbits can be controlled by planting resistant varieties wherever available, using virusfree seed, cultural practices, and insect control. Transcriptome analysis of cucumis sativus infected by. The three viruses causing mosaic disease in cucurbit crops in australia are papaya. Stems, petioles and fruits develop watersoaked spots that become covered with a white crust. Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use of cookies. The foliage of affected plants shows strong mosaic, distortion, and deep leaf serration. There are several viruses that affect cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, squash, and other members of the cucurbit family. Downy mildew of cucurbit detected in echols county by justin shealey. The diversity of the viruses may be related to the ecological and genetic diversity of their.
Hortscience genetic resistance to cucurbit leaf crumple. In november 2006, cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv, a virus new to florida, was found in squash cucurbita pepo l. First report of cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus in cucurbits in florida. First report of cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus in california and arizona, in association with cucurbit leaf crumple virus and squash leaf curl virus. Florida department of agriculture and consumer services. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus, which decimated snap beans and squash last fall, has been verified from squash in south georgia this week.
Suppression of whiteflies, bemisia tabaci hemiptera. There are several diseases that cause leaf spots on these crops and they can often be hard to tell apart. Three viruses threaten cucurbitsand now green beans. Viruses of cucurbits ct integrated pest management program. The 1,159 nt sequences from both plants shared 98% sequence identity with each other and 97% identity with equivalent regions of the a component of cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv from arizona and california genbank accession nos. Take caution to curb cucurbit leaf crumple virus growing produce. In november 2006, cucurbit leaf crumple virus, a virus new to florida, was found in squash cucurbita pepo l. Journal of the american society for horticultural science, 1161. Diseases of cucurbits and their management springerlink.
In january 2008, adkins and turechek released a report that revealed that the cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv has been detected in green beans in southwest florida, the first report of culcrv infecting any host other than cucurbits in florida. This virus has near sequence identity with the previously partially characterized cucurbit leaf crumple virus from california. S environmental protection agency epa has defined pesticides. Leaf symptoms of zymv on jarrahdale pumpkin severe mosaic and distortion figure 2. Emergence of a new cucurbitinfecting begomovirus species. Exploring the diversity of plant dna viruses and their. Aggie horticulture network vegetable resources problem solvers cucurbit problem solver cucurbit leaf disorders squash leaf curl squash leaf curl. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus culcrv is an emergent and potentially economically important bipartite begomovirus first identified in volunteer watermelon plants in the imperial valley of southern california in 1998.
This virus was first detected in southern california and arizona in fall of 2006, infecting cantaloupe and. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus is transmitted by whiteflies only, and a. Recovery from cucurbit leaf crumple virus family geminiviridae. Affected leaves display a range of unusual symptoms including mosaic patterns in different shades of green and fingerlike distortion of leaf shape. Reaction of cucurbit species to squash leaf curl virus and sweetpotato whitefly. Three viruses threaten watermelon, squash, pumpkins. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus verified in south georgia. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus usually starts in small patches in a field with new leaves showing yellowing. Cultural practices and insecticide applications can help manage the spread of cucurbit leaf crumple virus.
Biology and molecular characterization of cucurbit leaf crumple virus, an. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder is a primarily a disease of cucurbits e. We recognize that the first step in environmentallyresponsible pest management is the correct identification of the problem. Kuo yw, rojas mr, gilbertson rl, wintermantel wm, 2007. Culcrv was first found in northeast and north central florida in 2006 but has now spread to other parts of the state. Below are descriptions of some the more common fungal and bacterial leaf spots found on cucurbit crops in ma that we hope will help you tease them apart in the field. In addition to difficulties regarding pest management, b. Knowing which virus or viruses,because infections by multiple viruses can occur at the same time is present, and the corresponding vector, are keys to a virus control. Pdf recovery from cucurbit leaf crumple virus family. Detection of cucurbit leaf crumple virus in florida cucurbits plant.
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